One CV
doesn't travel.

Not for most private-sector roles. Recruiters judge the resume on skills and results, and a photo takes space a summary could use. Some government application forms ask for one; follow the form when it does.

Yes. Indian recruiters ask about it on the first call, so a line like 'Notice period: 60 days (negotiable)' near your contact details saves a round of back-and-forth.

One page for freshers, two pages once you have a few years of experience. Past two pages, recruiters tend to skim.

No. Replace it with a 3 to 4 line profile summary: your role, years of experience and the strengths that match the job.

Often, yes. A small, professional, passport-style photo is common on CVs for the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Use a plain background and business clothing.

Yes. Gulf recruiters filter on these early. Put your nationality in your personal details and state your visa status clearly near the top, for example 'UAE residence visa, transferable' rather than 'Visa: yes'.

The format is much the same. The differences are in the details: Saudi employers work under Saudization quotas, so some roles are open only to Saudi nationals, and Arabic is asked for more often. We adjust the CV to the country you're targeting.

Not on the CV. Share it when a recruiter asks, usually on the first call or in the application form, and say whether your figure includes allowances such as housing and transport.

No. UK employers don't expect one, and many prefer CVs without photos to keep hiring fair. Leave out your date of birth and marital status for the same reason.

Yes. Use UK English throughout: 'organised', 'optimised', 'programme'. US spelling tells a UK recruiter the CV wasn't written for them.

Two pages of A4 for most experienced professionals. One page is fine for graduates.

No. Employers ask for referees at the offer stage. Skip the 'references available on request' line and use the space for results.

It depends on the country. In Germany and Austria a professional photo is still common, though it varies by industry. Employers in the Netherlands and Ireland usually don't expect one. We follow the norm of the country you're applying to.

Use it as a starting point, not as your final CV. Europass is widely known, but many private employers prefer a CV designed around the job. Germany's official Make it in Germany portal gives the same advice.

Not yet. We write CVs for English-language roles across Europe. A German-language Lebenslauf and cover letter aren't offered at the moment, and we'll tell you upfront if that affects your target roles.

Use the CEFR scale, from A1 (beginner) to C2 (mastery), for example 'German B2'. European recruiters know the scale, and it's clearer than 'good' or 'fluent'.

Leave the photo out. US and Canadian employers avoid photos to keep hiring free of bias, and a resume with one can count against you.

In the US, one page if you have under about 10 years of experience; two pages are fine for senior roles where the second page carries real results. In Canada, 2 pages is normal, and 3 for senior roles.

Very little. Use Canadian spelling ('centre', 'colour'), mention French if you have it (it matters in Quebec and for many federal jobs), and state your work permit or PR status.

No. Give them when the employer asks, usually after the final interview.

No. Leave out your photo, age and marital status. Australian employers judge the resume on experience and fit.

Two pages is enough for internships and graduate roles. Experienced professionals can go to three or four pages, as long as every page adds real detail.

Yes, it's common. Most employers want at least two professional referees. You can name them or write 'Referees available on request'.

Some roles, especially in government, ask you to address key selection criteria: a short written response showing how you meet each listed requirement. Treat it as part of the application, not an extra.